Footnotes

1 Kershaw, Jarman, Weber & Horton, The Viking Great Army north of the Tyne
2 Hadley & Richards, 76
3 Hadley & Richards, 8
4 Woolf, From Pictland to Alba, 71

5 Woolf, From Pictland to Alba, 71
6 Downham, Viking Kings, 63
7 CELT, Cork https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100001A.html
8 Woolf, From Pictland to Alba 73
9 Downham, Viking Kings, 64

10 Hadley & Richards, The Viking Great Army, 140-150ff.
11 James Graham-Campbell, pers. comm.
12 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 107
13 Maldonado pers. comm.
14 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 105-6; Hadley & Richards, The Viking Great Army, 113,115
15 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 105

16 Hadley & Richards, Current Archaeology 2013: https://archaeology.co.uk/articles/viking-torksey-inside-the-great-armys-winter-camp.htm
17 Ingram & Giles, ‘A.D. 866’ https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/657/pg657-images.html
18 Ingram & Giles, ‘A.D. 867’ https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/657/pg657-images.html
19 Woolf, From Pictland to Alba, 71
20 CELT, Cork https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100001A.html
21 CELT, Cork https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100001A.html
22 Downham, Viking Kings, 139
23 Downham, Viking Kings, 141
24 Downham, Viking Kings, 140-1
25 CELT, Cork https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100001A.html
26 CELT, Cork https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100001A.html
27 Downham, Viking Kings, 142
28 Downham, Viking Kings, 142
29 Downham, Viking Kings, 142
30 Downham, Viking Kings, 28, 29
31 Ingram & Giles, ‘A.D. 875’ https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/657/pg657-images.html

32 CELT, Cork https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100001A.html

33 Downham, Viking Kings, 143
34 Downham, Viking Kings, 143
35 Maldonado, Crucible of Nations, 91
36 Downham, Viking Kings, 143
37 Maldonado, Crucible of Nations, 92
38 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 110
39 Downham, Viking Kings, 143
40 Downham, Viking Kings, 143-4
41 CELT, Cork https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100001A.html
42 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 109

43 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 109
44 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 110-11
45 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 112
46 Shane McLeod https://vikingfuneralscapes.wordpress.com/dumfries-and-galloway/
47 Horne, Viking Market Kingdom, 18
48 Williams, ARSNY, 2020e: 43; cf. Kershaw, ARSNY, 2020: 127)
49 Horne, VMK, 20
50 Horne, VMK, 20 – after Williams 2020h:87
51 Viking Camps: Case Studies and Comparisons, eds. Ref
52 Current Archaeology, ‘Early medieval settlement discovered in Coquet Valley’
53 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army north of the Tyne, 96
54 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 109
55 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 100
56 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 98
57 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 98
58 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linn_Duachaill (+ ref: https://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0916/viking.html)
59 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 101
60 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 107
61 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 107
62 Alcock, L and Alcock, EA (1990) Reconnaissance Excavations on Early Historic Fortifications and Other Royal Sites in Scotland, 1974–84: Excavations at Alt Clut, Clyde Rock, Strathclyde, 1974–75, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot., 120, 95–149.
63 Driscoll, S.T. In Search of the Northern Britons in the Early Historic Era (AD 400–1100) https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/97112/1/97112.pdf, 6

64 Buchanan, C.H. https://www.ssns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/02_Buchanan_Bute_2012_pp_17-32.pdf, 19
65 Driscoll, S.T. https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/97112/1/97112.pdf, 6
66 Horne, T. A Viking Market Kingdom, 119 + refs: Blackburn 2011: 239; Hadley & Richards 2016
67 https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/992152
68 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 107

69 Maldonado, Crucible of Nations, 87
70 Horne, T. A Viking Market Kingdom, 99 – ref. Hadley & Richards 2016: 49; Williams 2020e: 37
71 Maldonado, Crucible of Nations, 88
72 Kershaw et al., The Viking Great Army, 106
73 Maldonado, Crucible of Nations, 91
74 Maldonado, Crucible of Nations, 97
75 Maldonado, Crucible of Nations, 96
76 Hadley & Richards, The Viking Great Army, 206-7
77 Maldonado, Crucible of Nations, The Great Army Rides North
78 Maldonado, Early medieval finds from Coldingham – dossier
79 Buchanan, Courtney (2012) Viking artefacts from southern Scotland and northern England: cultural contacts, interactions, and identities in peripheral areas of Viking settlement. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.
80 https://www.ssns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/02_Buchanan_Bute_2012_pp_17-32.pdf
81 See, for example Hadley & Richards et al. for Torksey; Kershaw et al. for ‘Near Felto

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